Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental conditions, affecting both children and adults. It influences various aspects of daily life, including attention, impulse control, and executive function skills. But what exactly is ADHD, and how does it impact those who have it?
ADHD is characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development. While many people experience occasional difficulties with focus or restlessness, those of us with ADHD face these challenges consistently and at a level that significantly affects our daily lives.
ADHD is not just about being unable to sit still or getting easily distracted. It’s a complex condition that affects the brain’s ability to regulate attention, emotions, and behavior. It is typically diagnosed in childhood, but many adults also live with undiagnosed ADHD, often struggling with work, relationships, and daily responsibilities – I know I did prior to being diagnosed at age 40!
ADHD presents itself in different ways, which is why it is categorised into three types:
People with this type of ADHD primarily struggle with focus, organisation, and following through on tasks. They may:
This type of ADHD is sometimes overlooked because it does not involve hyperactivity, making it more common among individuals who are quiet or daydreamy, particularly girls and women.
This type is marked by excessive energy, restlessness, and impulsive behaviour. People with this form of ADHD might:
Children with this type are often labeled as troublemakers or overly energetic, but their behaviour is not intentional – it is a neurological difference that affects impulse control.
This is the most common form of ADHD, where individuals display both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. They may struggle with focus, organisation, and impulse control simultaneously, leading to challenges in school, work, and social settings.
Executive function skills refer to the cognitive processes that help us plan, prioritise, and complete tasks. ADHD significantly impacts executive function, making it difficult to:
These challenges can lead to frustration and a sense of underachievement, even in individuals with high intelligence and creativity. Many people with ADHD develop coping strategies to compensate, but without proper support, these struggles can persist into adulthood.
While the exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood, research indicates that genetics play a significant role. Other factors that may contribute include:
It’s important to note that ADHD is not caused by poor parenting, excessive screen time, or a lack of discipline. It is a biological condition that requires proper management and support.
ADHD is diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation that includes:
Since ADHD symptoms overlap with other conditions like anxiety and learning disabilities, a professional evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis.
There is no cure for ADHD, but various treatment options help individuals manage their symptoms and thrive. Common approaches include:
Stimulant medications, such as Concerta and Elvanse, are commonly prescribed to help improve focus and impulse control. Non-stimulant medications are also available for those who cannot tolerate stimulants.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) can help individuals develop coping strategies, improve time management, and reduce impulsive behaviors.
ADHD coaching focuses on building executive function skills, such as organisation, planning, and prioritisation. Many people find structured routines and external accountability helpful.
Find out more about my ADHD Coaching services here.
Regular exercise, a balanced diet, sufficient sleep, and mindfulness practices can also support brain function and help manage ADHD symptoms.
ADHD comes with challenges, but it also brings strengths. Many individuals with ADHD are creative, innovative, and excellent problem solvers. By understanding our unique brain wiring and using appropriate strategies to support our challenges, ADHDers can harness our strengths and flourish.
ADHD UK provides lots of information and support. Find them here: ADHD UK
I run a monthly support group for ADHD UK, with a focus on ADHD and Autistic (AuDHD) adults. Find out more here.
While there are so many books available on ADHD, here are a few of my favourites:
ADHD 2.0, Edward M. Hallowell & John J. Ratey: Buy it here
How to ADHD, Jessica McCabe: Buy it here
The Anti-Planner, Dani Donovan: Buy it here
(I met Jessica and Dani at an ADHD Conference I was speaking at in 2023 – they're actually best friends and such lovely women too. I'm a total fangirl!)